Following on the discussion of Buson and Billy Collins from this Wednesday's post, I received a very informative email from Charles Trumbull, editor of Modern Haiku. His email contained some salient information, plus variant translations of the temple bell / butterfly haiku, so I asked and received his kind permission to reprint it in full. For those who didn't read the original post, here are the two poems that were discussed:
----Butterfly
sleeping
----on the temple bellBuson
Japan
Today I pass the time reading
a favorite haiku,
saying the few words over and over.
It feels like eating
the same small, perfect grape
again and again.
I walk through the house reciting it
and leave its letters falling
through the air of every room.
I stand by the big silence of the piano and say it.
I say it in front of a painting of the sea.
I tap out its rhythm on an empty shelf.
I listen to myself saying it,
then I say it without listening,
then I hear it without saying it.
And when the dog looks up at me,
I kneel down on the floor
and whisper it into each of his long white ears.
It's the one about the one-ton temple bell
with the moth sleeping on its surface,
and every time I say it, I feel the excruciating
pressure of the moth
on the surface of the iron bell.
When I say it at the window,
the bell is the world
and I am the moth resting there.
When I say it at the mirror,
I am the heavy bell
and the moth is life with its papery wings.
And later, when I say it to you in the dark,
you are the bell,
and I am the tongue of the bell, ringing you,
and the moth has flown
from its line
and moves like a hinge in the air above our bed.Billy Collins
The gist of my musings was why Collins chose to go with "moth" rather than "butterfly," which is how most translations have it. Here's what Charlie has to say:
I read with interest your bit about the Buson haiku and Billy Collins. Here’s some background that may be of use to you.
The haiku by Buson (note, no macron over the O)
釣鐘に止りてねむる胡蝶 かな
tsurigane ni tomarite nemuru kochô kana
is indeed one of his most famous and most often translated. Harold Henderson, in his Introduction to Haiku, renders it literally as follows:
Temple-bell-on settling sleep butterfly kana
where “kana” is a kireji, a word in Japanese that governs the relationship between two parts of a sentence and here is a sort of unvoiced sigh or sotto voce “that’s so.”
Collins apparently saw the translation that was published in X.J. Kennedy’s Introduction to Poetry:
On the one-ton temple bell
On the one-ton temple bell
a moon moth, folded into sleep,
sits still
I haven’t checked my copy, but Kennedy probably got the version from someplace else. This translation is typical of early English translations of haiku, adding words and notions for their poetic values as well as unnecessary titles.
Neither my Japanese nor my Japanese dictionary are good enough for me to know the exact meaning of “kochô,” the name used by Buson for the insect. “Butterfly” is more commonly “chôcho,” while “moth” is “ga.”
Here is a handful of other translations, with translator and published source:
Silence
A frail white butterfly, beneath the spell
Of noon, is sleeping on the huge bronze bell
Harold Stewart
Stewart, Net of Fireflies, 52
Asleep in the sun
on the temple’s silent bronze
bell, a butterfly
Behn, Harry
Behn, Cricket Songs
Butterfly
sleeping
on the temple bell.
Robert Hass
Hass, Essential Haiku (1994), 108
Butterfly asleep
Folded soft on temple bell …
Then bronze gong rang!
Beilenson, Peter
Japanese Haiku (1955); Haiku Garland (1968); Little Treasury (1980)
Clinging to the bell
he dozes so peacefully
this new butterfly
Sam Hamill
Hamill, trans, Sound of Water; Hamill, trans, Little Book of Haiku, 61
on a temple bell
alighted and sleeping
this butterfly
William J. Higginson
Modern Haiku 35:2 (summer 2004), 52 (a)
On the great temple bell
stopped from flight and sleeping
the small butterfly
Miner, Earl
Miner, Japanese Linked Poetry; Bowers, Classic Tradition
On the hanging bell,
staying while he sleeps,
a butterfly!
Sawa Yuki and Edith Marcombe Shiffert
Haiku Master Buson
On the temple bell
has settled, and is fast asleep,
a butterfly.
Harold G. Henderson
Henderson, Introduction; Modern Haiku 4:3 (1973), 51 (a); Frogpond 14:2 (summer 1991), 31 (a)
On the temple bell
Something rests in quiet sleep.
Look, a butterfly!
Buchanan, Daniel C.
Buchanan, One Hundred Famous Haiku (1973), 65
On the temple bell,
Settled down and fast asleep
A butterfly.
Harold G. Henderson
Henderson, Introduction; Modern Haiku 3:2 (1972), 26 (a)
On the temple’s great
Bronze bell, a butterfly sleeps
In the noon sun
Beilenson, Peter, and Harry Behn
Haiku Harvest
Perched upon the temple-bell, the butterfly sleeps!
Hearn, Lafcadio
Hearn, Kwaidan
The buttefly
Resting upon the temple bell,
Asleep.
R.H. Blyth
Blyth, Haiku II—Spring, 258
Best,
Charlie
I checked my copy of Introduction to Poetry by Kennedy and, coincidentally, Buson and Collins are listed next to each other alphabetically in the "Lives of the Poets" section. The translation is Kennedy's own, though he has another poem by Buson translated by Robert Hass. In two romanized Japanese/English dictionaries I checked at the library, kochô was listed as butterfly, but I'll defer to Charlie since I also found chôcho listed as butterfly in a third.
So, though the mystery still remains, we've ended up with a wealth of useful information and a wonderful selection of different ways Buson's poem has been translated. I was particularly thrilled to see a beautiful version by Lafcadio Hearn, the subject of a post here recently, and a typically taciturn, precise version by R. H. Blyth.
Many, many thanks to Charles Trumbull for all the great information and the various translations. Only one question remains:
Will we wake up before the big bell rings?
best,
Don
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